Current trends and challenges in BIM–LCA integration

Abstract

Building information modelling (BIM) optimises life cycle assessment (LCA) processes by automating the detailed extraction of quantities from BIM models and reducing labour-intensive processes. However, it is difficult to identify the most effective and accurate BIM-based LCA approach, which depends on the design phase, the maturity of the BIM information, modelling techniques and the overall goal of the LCA. Additionally, there is a shortage of systematic knowledge regarding the present obstacles and potential directions for BIM-based LCA. This article conducts a systematic literature review analysing 65 publications between 2013 and 2024, using scientometry techniques and detailed content analysis. The results show that current methods still require many manual processes that can be automated, namely the BoQ edition and mapping of LCA data; do not allow for continuous monitoring of environmental impacts throughout the design stages; and are not adapted to renovation or refurbishment BIM models. Furthermore, although LCA and the circular economy are directly related concepts, there is a lack of research into how circular economy strategies quantitatively influence LCA results and methods.