The role of games and gamification in business and training: A systematic review

Abstract

This review explores the evolving role of gamification and games in business over the previous decade, focusing on organizational learning, training, employee engagement, and collaboration. Following PRISMA guidelines, 56 studies met the inclusion criteria, offering a theoretical and empirical perspective across diverse business sectors, including HR, IT, management, marketing, the industrial, public, and NGOs. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to assess study quality. The study discusses key theories and analyzes how different sectors applied games and gamification, reporting their results. We highlight recent contributions, showing how tools and designs for incorporating game elements in the workplace have evolved to engage employees in training and daily activities. The results offer original insights into interactive learning environments, including the growing use of game-based programmes to enhance intergenerational communication, decision-making, skill acquisition, and engagement. Managers and trainers can apply practical strategies discussed in this research to overcome challenges, especially when dealing with complex organizational issues and ethical concerns. The review concludes by outlining future research directions, including more empirical evidence on the long-term effects, personalization, and ethical considerations related to workplace applications.