http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2101 Mon, 11 May 2026 15:53:41 GMT 2026-05-11T15:53:41Z http://hdl.handle.net/10071/37196 Título próprio: Strengthening memory: The impact of resistance training on cognitive health in aging and cognitive impairment Autoria: Ennahli, K.; Miguel, D. Resumo: This review examines resistance training (RT) as a pathway for preserving declarative memory in later life, addressing a critical gap in the literature where RT has been largely subsumed under general physical activity despite its distinct neurobiological profile. We aimed to clarify whether RT uniquely supports declarative memory vulnerable to healthy aging, mild cognitive impairment, and early neurodegenerative pathology. We conducted a multilevel synthesis of evidence from randomized controlled trials, neuroimaging studies, electrophysiology, and molecular research examining RT effects on memory, brain structure, network connectivity, and underlying biological mechanisms. Particular attention was given to hippocampal subfields, default-mode and fronto-hippocampal networks, and exercise-responsive neurotrophic, vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways. Across modalities, converging evidence indicates that RT attenuates hippocampal and precuneus atrophy, preserves white-matter integrity, strengthens functional connectivity within memory networks, and enhances neural efficiency indexed by oscillatory and event-related electrophysiological markers. Biologically, RT reliably increases insulin-like growth factor-1 and improves insulin sensitivity, endothelial function, and inflammatory balance, creating a plastic milieu that supports hippocampal resilience. Cognitive benefits are most consistent in mild cognitive impairment, with parallel improvements in mood, functional independence, and quality of life. These findings position RT as a scalable, cost-effective intervention that compares favorably with other intervention modalities. Progressive RT should be considered a core component of prevention and care strategies for cognitive aging, with implications for clinical practice, community programs, and public health policy. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10071/37196 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10071/37147 Título próprio: A systematic review and meta-analysis on factors related to child sexual abuse and rape myths Autoria: Chim, I.; Camilo, C.; Brazão, N.; Magalhães, E. Resumo: The endorsement of myths about sexual violence, victims, and perpetrators may harm victims’ well-being. Thus, understanding the factors associated with their endorsement is crucial. To our knowledge, no systematic review or meta-analysis has specifically focused on both child sexual abuse (CSAM) and rape myths (RM). This study aims to address this gap. Following the PRISMA statement, a systematic search across eight databases yielded 4.019 articles, with full-text extraction of 308 articles and the inclusion of 187 articles in the meta-analyses. For CSAM, 22 articles and 75 effect sizes were analyzed from studies conducted between 1992 and 2024. For RM, 167 articles and 763 effect sizes from studies published between 1980 and 2024 were included. Factors were categorized into four categories: Sociodemographic Factors, Beliefs and Attitudes, Individual Functioning, and Socio-contextual Factors. Results revealed that beliefs and attitudes, especially those rooted in sexual aggression and coercion, acceptance of violence, and gendered dominance, had the largest effect sizes, ranging from r = .299 to r = .441. Being male and having a lower educational level were associated with endorsement of both CSAM and RM, albeit with small effect sizes. Individual factors, such as aggressive behaviors and empathy, were moderately associated with RM (r = .251 and r = –.241, respectively). Socio-contextual factors, particularly peer norms supporting sexual violence, were moderately associated with RM (r = .268). Changing maladaptive beliefs and attitudes while fostering empathy is critical for reducing the endorsement of sexual violence myths. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10071/37147 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10071/37140 Título próprio: Benevolent childhood experiences, child maltreatment, adult well-being and resilience Autoria: Urbano, L. R.; Magalhães, E.; Silva, C. Resumo: Several studies have established a link between child maltreatment and mental health problems in adulthood, as well as between benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) and positive outcomes. However, less is known about how BCEs may lead to better adult mental health when maltreatment was also present. This study aimed to explore the moderating role of BCEs in the relationship between child maltreatment and psychological well-being and resilience. The study sample comprised 390 Portuguese-speaking emerging adults (aged 18–29 years; M = 22.81; SD = 2.92). Information regarding sociodemographic variables, child maltreatment, BCEs, psychological well-being and trait resilience was obtained via an online survey. Using multiple regression analysis, it was found that higher levels of child maltreatment and lower levels of BCEs were associated with poorer well-being and resilience. BCEs moderated the relationship between child maltreatment and well-being and resilience such that individuals with higher levels of BCEs reported greater well-being and resilience but also exhibited greater reductions in these indicators as their exposure to maltreatment increased. These results highlight the importance of the interplay between positive and negative childhood experiences for future well-being and resilience. They also draw attention to the need for monitoring early experiences to enable preventive strategies, as well as the importance of adjusting clinical interventions in accordance with the level of maltreatment experienced. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10071/37140 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10071/37082 Título próprio: Investigating object orientation effects across 18 languages Autoria: Chen, S.-C.; Buchanan, E. M.; Kekecs, Z.; Miller, J. K.; Szabelska, A.; Aczel, B.; Bernabeu, P.; Forscher, P. S.; Szuts, A.; Vally, Z.; Al-Hoorie, A. H.; Li, J.; Bavolar. J.; Hricova, M.; Kačmár, P.; Adamkovič, M.; Babinčák, P.; Banik. G.; Ropovik, I.; Ricaurte, D. Z.; Alvarez-Solas, S.; Özdoğru, A. A.; Manley, H.; Suavansri, P.; Kung, C.-C.; Çoktok, B.; Solak, Ç.; Söylemez, S.; Çoksan, S.; Dalgar, İ.; Elsherif, M.; Vasilev, M. R.; Mlakic, V.; Oberzaucher, E.; Stieger, S.; Helmy, M.; Volsa. S.; Musser, E. D.; Zickfeld, J. H.; Chartier, C. R.; Silva, C. S. A. da.; Silva, L. O. da.; Moraes, Y. L. de.; Hsu, R. M. C. S.; Mafra, A. L.; Valentova, J. V.; Correa Varella, M. A.; Dixson, B. J. W.; Peters, K.; Steffens, N. K.; Ghasemi, O.; Roberts, A.; Ross, R. M.; Stephen, I. D.; Milyavskaya, M.; Wang, K.; Werner, K. M.; Holford, D. L.; Sirota, M.; Evans, T. R.; Lynott, D.; Lane, B. M.; Sahlholdt, D. R.; Williams, G. P.; Tan, C. B. Y.; Foo, A.; Janssen, S. M. J.; Arinze, N. C.; Ndukaihe, I. L. G.; Moreau, D.; Jurosic, B.; Leach, B.; Lewis, S.; Mallik, P. R.; Schmidt, K.; Chopik, W. J.; Vaughn, L. A.; Li, M.; Levitan, C. A.; Storage, D.; Batres, C.; McGee, T.; Enachescu, J.; Olsen, J.; Voracek, M.; Lamm, C.; Pronizius, E.; Ripp, T.; Röer, J. P.; Schnepper, R.; Papadatou-Pastou, M.; Mokady, A.; Reggev, N.; Chandel, P.; Kujur, P.; Pande, B.; Parganiha, A.; Parveen, N.; Pradhan, S.; Singh, M. M.; Korbmacher, M.; Kunst, J. R.; Tamnes, C. K.; Woelfert, F. S.; Klevjer, K.; Martiny, S. E.; Pfuhl, G.; Adamus, S.; Barzykowski, K.; Filip, K.; Arriaga, P.; Gvozdenović, V.; Ković, V.; Gao, F. Resumo: Mental simulation theories of language comprehension propose that people automatically create mental representations of objects mentioned in sentences. Mental representation is often measured with the sentence-picture verification task, wherein participants first read a sentence that implies the object property (i.e., shape and orientation). Participants then respond to an image of an object by indicating whether it was an object from the sentence or not. Previous studies have shown matching advantages for shape, but findings concerning object orientation have not been robust across languages. This registered report investigated the match advantage of object orientation across 18 languages in nearly 4,000 participants. The preregistered analysis revealed no compelling evidence for a match advantage for orientation across languages. Additionally, the match advantage was not predicted by mental rotation scores. In light of these findings, we discuss the implications for current theory and methodology surrounding mental simulation. Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10071/37082 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z