http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2101 Mon, 20 Apr 2026 06:11:46 GMT 2026-04-20T06:11:46Z http://hdl.handle.net/10071/36910 Título próprio: ‘Let’s talk about condoms’: Development and validation of the Expanded Condom Negotiation Scale (ECNS) Autoria: Hardeel, A. E. S.; Rodrigues, D. L. Resumo: Existing scales assessing condom negotiation either focus on condom promotion or condom avoidance strategies and fail to offer a more-integrated understanding of the process. To address this, we proposed the Expanded Condom Negotiation Scale (ECNS) by combining items from two existing measures – the Condom Negotiation Scale (CNS) and the Condom Use Resistance Perpetration Survey (CURPS). We then conducted a psychometric study (N = 383; Mage = 31.54, SD = 10.73) to examine its validity, reliability, and sensitivity. The ECNS showed good construct validity, with items loading onto four reliable and correlated factors: (1) direct condom avoidance strategies, (2) indirect condom avoidance strategies, (3) direct condom promotion strategies, and (4) indirect condom promotion strategies. The scale also showed convergent validity, such that condom use strategies were differently associated with condom use self-efficacy, embarrassment about condom use, being comfortable with condom use, and condomless sex frequency. Lastly, the scale showed sensitivity, with differences emerging for age, gender, education, and occupation. This study makes valuable contributions towards a more comprehensive assessment of condom negotiation strategies and provides insights into individual differences in the use of specific condom negotiation strategies. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10071/36910 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10071/36901 Título próprio: The development of social values in childhood and early adolescence: A systematic review Autoria: Murcia-Álvarez, E.; Tendais, I.; Ramos, A.; Rodrigues, R. B.; Costa, L. P. da.; Cavadas, M.; Marques, S.; Ramos, V.; Correia, I. Resumo: Values are central to human social life. As conceptualised in Schwartz’s (1992) Theory of Basic Human Values, they are core to a person’s self-concept and drive individual actions towards both personal development and social transformation. Although, cross-cultural research with adults shows a consensus regarding value structure and priorities, research with young populations is still very recent. In this paper, we systematically review studies on the development of basic human values in childhood and early adolescence (5 to 14 years old) and synthesise evidence regarding the fit of children’s and adolescents’ values to the theoretical structure, the development of value hierarchy and importance from childhood to early adolescence. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines and a final set of 45 papers was included. The evidence provides extensive support for Schwartz’s theoretical model in childhood and early adolescence. A highly differentiated value structure was found in most studies from several countries, providing great support for the universal nature of values. Moreover, the identified patterns of value change support the motivational compatibilities and oppositions of the model and suggest that values become more stable with age. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10071/36901 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10071/36899 Título próprio: Playgroups for inclusion: Impacts of a playgroups intervention on child development, caregiving and connectedness goals using an experimental design Autoria: Barata, M. C.; Leitão, C.; Alexandre, J.; Russo, V.; Sousa, B. de. Resumo: Playgroups are gatherings for young children and their caregivers to engage in play-based and social activities. Evidence shows significant positive impacts for playgroup participants, including diverse families and families in socioeconomically disadvantaged circumstances. Still, weaknesses in the design of previous studies limit the validity of findings. This paper describes the impacts of a playgroups intervention between 2015–2017 targeting families with children up to 4 years old not participating in any of the available Early Childhood, Education and Care (ECEC) services in Portugal on standardized international measures of child development, home environment and caregiving practices, and socialization goals. Participants included 257 children (M age at pretest = 17.74 months, s.d. 11.51 months) and caregiver dyads in five districts. After a pretest assessment, all families were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an intervention group which included 10 months of playgroup intervention; and a control group who after the 10 month post-test assessment point, received 3 months of the playgroup intervention. Children in the intervention group scored significantly higher on average on a measure of developing ability to reason through manual and visuospatial problems. Caregivers in the intervention group were, on average, more likely to endorse their children's ability to maintain positive and harmonious relationships with others. Subgroup benefits on caregiver involvement were found for employed caregivers, and receptive and expressive language for diverse ethnic children. These results are aligned with intervention foci on the promotion of learning though play and positive relationships. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10071/36899 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10071/36894 Título próprio: The suppression of moral engagement in consumer responses to animal slaughter Autoria: Fonseca, R. P.; De Groeve, B.; Camilleri, L.; Godinho, C.; Prada, M. Resumo: Despite growing research on meat-animal reminders, the psychological impact of slaughter exposure on consumers remains underexplored. In this preregistered experiment, we examined whether exposing consumers to animal slaughter increases their willingness to substitute meat by activating a moral engagement process involving perceived harm, prevention beliefs, and personal norms. A sample of 392 UK meat-eating participants were recruited and randomly assigned to view one of four images: an image of animal slaughter (i.e., chicken or pig) or a control image (i.e., chicken or pork meat prepared for consumption). Mediation analyses revealed that slaughter exposure did not directly affect willingness to substitute meat but had an indirect effect through the moral engagement process, activated through increased perceived harm, prevention beliefs, and personal norms. This indirect effect was stronger upon exposure to pig slaughter than to chicken slaughter. Higher meat consumption and especially higher meat attachment suppressed the moral engagement process, reducing the impact of animal slaughter on willingness to substitute meat. In both slaughter conditions, indirect effects were stronger when personal norms were bypassed, suggesting that perceived harm and prevention beliefs alone can shift meat-eating intentions. While subject to methodological limitations, our study informs the design of interventions to promote moral engagement towards animals and encourage meat substitution and highlights the importance of strengthening prevention beliefs and addressing meat attachment. Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/10071/36894 2026-01-01T00:00:00Z